This section lists select archives and collections, audiovisual resources, and select exhibitions on photography in Canada between 1839 and 1989, organized by genre. It also lists select publications and Canadian photography magazines.
Selected Archives & Collections
Archives Association of British Columbia
Archives of Manitoba
Archives of Ontario
Archives PEI
Art Gallery of Ontario, The Photography Collection
Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec (BAnQ)
Brock University Library, Archives and Special Collections
Canadian Museum of Immigration at Pier 21
City of Toronto Archives
Digital Museums Canada
Ingenium Digital Archives
Library and Archives Canada
McCord Stewart Museum
Memorial University of Newfoundland, Digital Archives Initiative
National Film Board of Canada
National Gallery of Canada, Photography Collection
Nova Scotia Museum, Mi’kmaq Portraits Collection
NWT (Northwest Territories) Archives
Ontario Jewish Archives
Provincial Archives of Alberta
Provincial Archives of New Brunswick
Provincial Archives of Saskatchewan
Public Archives and Records Office of Prince Edward Island
Royal BC Museum and Archives, The Ties That Bind Canada
The ArQuives: Canada’s LGBTQ2+ Archives
The Family Camera Network Public Archive
The Image Centre
The Nunavut Archives Program
Toronto Metropolitan University Archives and Special Collections
Toronto Public Library
University of British Columbia Library, Japanese Canadian Photograph Collection
University of Manitoba Libraries, Winnipeg Tribune Photo Collection
Vancouver Island University, Canadian Letters and Images Project
Yukon Archives
Select Audiovisual Resources
Angèle Alain. “Canada’s Photographic Memory.” Discover Library and Archives Canada: Your History, Your Documentary Heritage podcast, August 13, 2013. Produced by Library and Archives Canada. MP3 audio, 36:36 minutes.
library-archives.canada.ca/eng/collection/engage-learn/podcast/Pages/photographic-memory.aspx.
Gray, Hayley. Hayashi Studio. Storyhive. 25:14 minutes. Youtube. youtube.com/watch?v=dSTkdp9M18s.
Kazimi, Ali. Shooting Indians: A Journey with Jeffrey Thomas. 56 minutes. Video/16mm. Toronto: VTape, 1997. socialdoc.net/ali-kazimi/shooting-indians-a-journey-with-jeffery-thomas-1997/.
The Unknown Photographer: A Virtual-Reality Immersion into the Fragmented Memories of a World War I Photographer. Virtual-reality application. Turbulent and the National Film Board of Canada. unknownphotographer.nfb.ca/.
Select Exhibitions
Exhibitions, 1839–1989
1880–90s
Camera clubs are first established in Canada.
In camera clubs across the country, members share technical expertise and an enthusiasm for the aesthetic potential of photography. By the early twentieth century, camera clubs began hosting their own salons.
1903
First Toronto Camera Club (TCC) Salon is organized by Sidney Carter and members of the TCC. It includes works by members, along with thirty prints on loan from the collection of the Photo-Secession in New York.
1907
Canada’s first international exhibition of Pictorialist photographs is held at the Art Association of Montreal (now the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts). Organizer Sidney Carter aims to show photography as a fine art and to connect Canada with the international Pictorialist movement.
1919
The TCC holds the first of many annual salons at the Canadian National Exhibition.
1927
The TCC hosts its annual salon at the same time as the International Exhibition of Modern Art organized by the Societé Anonyme and exhibited at the Art Gallery of Toronto (now the Art Gallery of Ontario).
1932
John Vanderpant exhibition is mounted at the Vancouver Art Gallery.
1934
“Jay” (Thomas George Jaycocks) exhibits eighty photographs at the Art Gallery of Toronto (now the Art Gallery of Ontario).
1934–39
Six annual iterations of the Canadian International Salon of Photographic Art are held at the National Gallery of Canada (NGC). Canadian photographers are exhibited alongside internationally celebrated figures. The exhibitions ended in 1939 because of the impending war as well as changes at the NGC and the prevailing transition away from Pictorialism.
1938
Plant Patterns in Hawaii and Japan: Photography by E. Haanel Cassidy at the Art Gallery of Toronto (now the Art Gallery of Ontario); one of the first solo exhibitions of a photographer at the institution.
1939
The National Film Board of Canada (NFB) is established.
1940
The NGC organizes two touring exhibitions from Britain, War for Freedom (London Passenger Transportation Board) and Somewhere in France (Britain’s Ministry of Information) at the Château Laurier Hotel in Ottawa.
1944–45
This Is Our Strength, a two-part show of photographs from the NFB, is exhibited at the NGC. Assembled by the Wartime Information Board, these exhibitions focus on the home front and the postwar economy.
1944–49
Design shows use photographs to educate viewers about new consumer products. Presented at the NGC, the following exhibitions were mainly organized by New York’s Museum of Modern Art (MoMA):
1944 The Wooden House in America
1945–46 Design for Use: A Survey of Design in Canada of Manufactured Goods for the Home and Office, for Sports and Outdoors (Organized by the NGC, NFB, and Department of Reconstruction; leads to the establishment of the National Industrial Design Committee, 1948–60)
1946 Elements of Design
1947 If You Want to Build a House
1948 Buildings for Schools and Colleges, I & II and Three Post-War Houses
1949 The Story of Modern Chair Design and Useful Objects of Fine Design
1957
Family of Man exhibition tours to the NGC in February. Organized by MoMA, this popular exhibition presents a universalizing look at humanity within the Cold War context. The show includes work by Canadian photographers Rosemary Gilliat and Richard Harrington.
1958
Henri Cartier-Bresson: The Decisive Moment; Photographs, 1930–1957 arrives at the NGC. The exhibition was circulated by the American Federation of the Arts.
1967
The NFB Still Photography Division produces the exhibition The Many Worlds of Lutz Dille. The accompanying catalogue is the first in the Image book series.
1970
General Idea participates in its first group exhibition, Concept 70, at A Space in Toronto.
1971
Photography into Sculpture is mounted at the Vancouver Art Gallery. Curated by Peter C. Bunnell, the exhibition features work by Iain Baxter (now IAIN BAXTER&), Michael de Courcy, Jack Dale, and other artists whose work integrates photography with various mediums.
1972
Group d’action photographique (Claire Beaugrand-Champagne, Michel Campeau, Roger Charbonneau, and Cedric Pearson) produces an exhibition and book about Disraeli, Quebec, earning praise and generating controversy about photographic ethics.
1975
To mark International Women’s Year, the NFB Still Photography Division presents Photography ’75, which features works by eighty-three female photographers.
1975
Lorraine Monk curates a Barbara Astman solo show in Ottawa for the NFB Still Photography Division.
1975–85
American Joan E. Biren tours the U.S. and Canada to present the slideshow Lesbian Images in Photography: 1950–Present, in community spaces such as bookstores, community centres, and church basements. The collection grows to 420 images—including erotica and documentary photos of the early gay liberation movement, as well as contemporary photographs by Biren and other artists.
1976
Astman’s work—along with the work of five other artists—is included in Colour Xerography at the Art Gallery of Ontario, curated by Karyn Allen.
1977
Photo 77: The Photograph as Canada’s Silent Language / La photographie—voix silencieuse due Canada organized by the NFB/SPD in Ottawa and curated by Lorraine Monk, includes the work of 110 photographers and showcases the NFB collection.
1979
Canadian Perspectives—A National Conference on Canadian Photography is hosted by Ryerson Polytechnical Institute (now Toronto Metropolitan University).
1980
A Photographic Project: Alberta 1980, organized by Douglas Clark and Linda Wedman, mixes archival research and work by amateurs and professionals.
1982–83
Esthétiques actuelles de la photographie au Québec is first presented as part of the international photo festival Rencontres d’Arles in France, and later exhibited at the Musée d’art contemporain in Montreal.
1983
Rediscovery: Canadian Women Photographers, 1841–1941 is curated by Laura Jones at London Regional Art Gallery.
1985
The Canadian Museum of Contemporary Photography and the National Archives of Canada mount a retrospective of Walter Curtin’s photographic career.
1988
Stan Douglas: Television Spots is exhibited at the Contemporary Art Gallery in Vancouver.
Exhibitions, 1990 to today
i. Art
1995
Barbara Astman: Personal Persona; A 20-Year Survey, Art Gallery of Hamilton.
2000
April 15 – June 4, Roy Arden: Fragments (Photographs, 1981–85), The Polygon Gallery, Vancouver. Travelled to Oakville Galleries; Medicine Hat Museum and Art Gallery.
2003
July 19 – October 12, E. Haanel Cassidy Photographs, Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto.
2005–6
Flying Still: Carl Beam, 1943–2005, Carleton University Art Gallery, Ottawa. Travelled to Kopavogur Art Museum, Iceland.
2017
April 7 – September 17, Photography in Canada: 1960-2000, National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa.
2018
January 2 – March 24. #nofilterneeded: Shining light on the Native Indian/Inuit Photographer’s Association, 1985–1992, McMaster Museum of Art, Hamilton.
2019–20
August 10, 2019 – February 2, 2020. Condé and Beveridge: Early Work, Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto.
2019–20
July 6, 2019 – January 26, 2020, Vikky Alexander: Extreme Beauty, Vancouver Art Gallery.
ii. Portraiture
2001
September 8 – October 28, Facing History: Portraits from Vancouver, The Polygon Gallery, Vancouver.
2005
Shashin: Japanese Canadian Photography to 1942, Japanese Canadian National Museum, Burnaby.
2015–16
September 5, 2015 – April 3, 2016, Mirrors with Memory: Daguerreotypes from Library and Archives Canada, National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa.
2016–17
November 4, 2016 – March 26, 2017, Notman: A Visionary Photographer, McCord Museum (McCord Stewart Museum), Montreal. Travelled to Canadian Museum of History, Ottawa.
2017
April 29 – October 1, Free Black North, Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto.
2017
June 27 – July 21, Family Focus: Early Portrait Photography at the Archives of Ontario, John B. Aird Gallery, Toronto.
iii. Personal photography
2003
Everyday Light: Family Photographs Selected by Contemporary First Nations Artists, Thunder Bay Art Gallery.
2003
April 26 – July 20, Pop Photographica: Photography’s Objects in Everyday Life, 1842–1969, Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto.
2017
The Family Camera, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, and the Art Gallery of Mississauga.
2018
January 24 – April 8, “Soon we were en route again”: The Margaret Corry Albums (1947–1963), Ryerson Image Centre (The Image Centre), Toronto.
2018
February 16 – May 6, Michel Campeau: Life before Digital. McCord Museum (McCord Stewart Museum), Montreal.
2018
April 21 – May 26, Queering Family Photography, Stephen Bulger Gallery, Toronto.
2018–19
November 19, 2018 – January 9, 2019, Telling Our Stories: A Photo-History of Japanese Canadians, 1930’s–1960’s, Japanese Canadian Cultural Centre, Toronto.
2019
January 23 – February 24, Kodak Canada: The Early Years, 1899–1939, Ryerson Image Centre (The Image Centre), Toronto.
2020
March 21 – November 22, Enclosing Some Snapshots: The Photography of Métis Activist James Brady, Glenbow Museum, Calgary.
iv. Landscape
2011–12
August 20, 2011 – April 29, 2012, Songs of the Future: Canadian Industrial Photographs, 1858 to Today, Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto.
v. Documentary and photojournalism
1999
May–October, Déclics. art et société: Le Québec des années 1960 et 1970, Musée d’art contemporain de Montréal, Montreal, and Musée de la civilisation, Quebec City.
1999
May 21 – September 19, Exchanging Views: Quebec, 1939–1970, Canadian Museum of Contemporary Photography, Ottawa.
2010
June 17 – October 10, Femmes artistes: L’éclatement des frontières, 1965–2000, Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec, Quebec City.
2013
July 16 – November 10, La photographie d’auteur au Québec: Une collection prend forme au Musée, Musée des beaux-arts de Montréal, Montreal.
2013–14
December 5, 2013 – April 21, 2014, Claire Beaugrand-Champagne: Émouvante vérité; Photographies de 1970 à 2013, McCord Museum (McCord Stewart Museum), Montreal.
2016
September 8 – November 5, Canadian Photography Magazines, 1970–1990: Reconsidering a History of Photography in Print, Artexte, Montreal.
2019
Turning the Lens: Indigenous Archive Project, Nickle Galleries, Calgary.
2020
July 1 – November 8, Go Play Outside! McCord Museum (McCord Stewart Museum), Montreal.
vi. Ethnography
1999–
2002
October 22, 1999 – January 6, 2002, Emergence from the Shadow: First Peoples’ Photographic Perspectives, Canadian Museum of Civilization (Canadian Museum of History), Ottawa.
vii. Commercial photography
2015
Taking It All In: The Photographic Panorama and Canadian Cities, National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa.
Select Publications
i. Articles, Books, and Catalogues
Allaire, Serge. Une tradition documentaire au Québec? Quelle tradition? Quel documentaire? Aspects de la photographie québécoise et Canadienne. Montreal: Vox Populi, 1993. Exhibition catalogue.
Baillargeon, Richard, Geoffrey James, Martha Langford, and Cheryl Sourkes, eds. 13 Essays on Photography. Ottawa: Canadian Museum of Contemporary Photography, 1990.
Baird, Rebecca, and Philip Cote. Everyday Light: Family Photography. Thunder Bay: Thunder Bay Art Gallery, 2005. Exhibition catalogue.
Banff Centre. The Banff Purchase: An Exhibition of Photography in Canada. Toronto: John Wiley, 1979. Exhibition catalogue.
Bara, Jana L. “Cody’s Wild West Show in Canada.” History of Photography 20 (1996): 153–55.
Bassnett, Sarah. Picturing Toronto: Photography and the Making of a Modern City. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2016.
Bean, Robert, ed. Image and Inscription: An Anthology of Contemporary Canadian Photography. Toronto: Gallery 44 / YYZ Books, 2005.
Béland, Mario. “Bibliographie.” In Québec et ses photographes, 1850–1908: La collection Yves Beauregard, 262–63. Quebec City: Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec, 2008. Exhibition catalogue.
Biren, Joan E. “Lesbian Photography—Seeing through Our Own Eyes.” Studies in Visual Communication 9, no. 2 (1983): 81–96.
Birrell, Andrew J. “Classic Survey Photos of the Early West.” Canadian Geographical Journal 19, no. 4 (1975): 12–19.
———. Into the Silent Land: Survey Photography in the Canadian West, 1858–1900. Ottawa: Public Archives Canada, National Photography Collection, 1975. Exhibition catalogue.
Buchloh, Benjamin, and Robert Wilkie, eds. Mining Photographs and Other Pictures, 1948–1968: A Selection from the Negative Archives of Shedden Studio, Glace Bay, Cape Breton. Halifax: Press of the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design and the University College of Cape Breton Press, 1983.
Bureau, Lucie. Sous l’oeil de la photographe: Portraits de femmes 1898–2003 / In the Eyes of Women Photographers: Portraits of Women, 1898–2003. Val-d’Or: Centre d’exposition de Val-d’Or, 2004. Exhibition catalogue.
Carey, Brian. “Daguerreotypes in the National Archives of Canada,” History of Photography 12, no. 1 (October 1988): 45–60.
Cho, Lily. Mass Capture: Chinese Head Tax and the Making of Non-Citizens. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2021.
Close, Susan. Framing Identity: Social Practices of Photography in Canada (1880–1920). Winnipeg: Arbeiter Ring, 2007.
Cloutier, Nicole. “Les disciples de Daguerre à Québec, 1839–1855.” Journal of Canadian Art History / Annales d’histoire de l’art Canadien 5, no. 1 (1980): 33–38.
Cobb, Myrna, and Sher Morgan. Eight Women Photographers of British Columbia, 1860–1978. Victoria: B.C. Ministry of Labour and Camosun College, 1978.
Cousineau-Levine, Penny. Faking Death: Canadian Art Photography and the Canadian Imagination. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2003.
Crooks, Julie. “Exerting and Cultivating Selves: Nineteenth-Century Photography and the Black Subject in Southern Ontario.” In Towards an African Canadian Art History: Art, Memory, and Resistance, edited by Charmaine Nelson, 63–81. Concord: Captus Press, 2018.
Dessureault, Pierre. “Photography in Question.” In The Sixties in Canada, edited by Denise Leclerc and Pierre Dessureault, 115–65. Ottawa: National Gallery of Canada, 2005. Exhibition catalogue.
———. Regards échangés: Le Québec, 1939–1970 / Exchanging Views: Quebec, 1939–1970. Ottawa: Canadian Museum of Contemporary Photography, 1999. Exhibition catalogue.
Donegan, Rosemary. Above Ground: Mining Stories. Victoria: Art Gallery of Greater Victoria, 2002. Exhibition catalogue.
———. Industrial Images / Images industrielles. Hamilton: Art Gallery of Hamilton, 1987.
Dyce, Matt, and James Opp. “Visualizing Space, Race, and History in the North: Photographic Narratives of the Athabasca-Mackenzie River Basin.” In The West and Beyond: New Perspectives on an Imagined Region, edited by Alvin Finkel, Sarah Carter, and Peter Fortna, 65–93. Edmonton: Athabasca University Press, 2010.
Fellows, Robert F. Early New Brunswick Photographs. Fredericton: Provincial Archives, 1978.
Francis, Daniel. The Imaginary Indian: The Image of the Indian in Canadian Culture. Vancouver: Arsenal Pulp Press, 1992.
———. Copying People: Photographing British Columbia First Nations, 1860–1940. Saskatoon: Fifth House, 1996.
Garrett, Graham W. A Biographical Index of Daguerreotypists in Canada, 1839–1871. Toronto: Archive CD Books Canada, 2017.
Geller, Peter. “Family Memory, Photography and the Fur Trade: The Sinclairs at Norway House, 1902–1911.” Manitoba History 28 (1994): 2–11.
———. Northern Exposures: Photographing and Filming the Canadian North, 1920–45. Vancouver: UBC Press, 2004.
Gordon, Alan. Making Public Pasts: The Contested Terrain of Montreal’s Public Memories, 1891–1930. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2001.
Grant, George M., ed. Picturesque Canada: The Country as It Was and Is. Toronto: Belden, 1882.
Grant Marchand, Sandra, ed. Esthétiques actuelles de la photographie au Québec: Onze photographes. Montreal: Musée d’art contemporain de Montréal, 1982. Exhibition catalogue.
Greenhill, Ralph. Early Photography in Canada. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1965.
Greenhill, Ralph, and Andrew Birrell. Canadian Photography, 1890–1920. Toronto: Coach House Press, 1979.
Hackett, Sophie. “Queer Looking.” Aperture 218 (Spring 2015), 40–45.
Hackett, Sophie, Andrea Kunard, and Urs Stahel, eds. Anthropocene: Burtynsky, Baichwal, de Pencier. Toronto: Goose Lane Editions, 2018.
Harper, J. Russell. “Daguerreotypists and Portrait Takers in Saint John.” Dalhousie Review 35, no. 3 (1955): 259–70.
Hatfield, Philip J. Canada in the Frame: Copyright, Collections and the Image of Canada, 1895–1924. London: University College London Press, 2018.
Hill, Richard, and Sandra Semchuk. Silver Drum: Five Native Photographers: George Johnston, Dorothy Chocolate, Richard Hill, Murray McKenzie, Jolene Rickard. Hamilton: Native Indian / Inuit Photographers’ Association (NIIPA), 1986.
James, Geoffrey, ed. Transparent Things: The Artist’s Use of the Photograph; Works from the Canada Council Art Bank / Transparences: L’utilisation de la photographie par l’artiste; À partir de la Banque d’oeuvres d’art du Conseil des Arts du Canada. Ottawa: Canada Council, 1977. Exhibition catalogue.
Jones, Laura. Rediscovery: Canadian Women Photographers, 1841–1941. London: London Regional Art Gallery, 1983.
King, J.C.H., and Henrietta Lidchi, eds. Imaging the Arctic. London: British Museum Press, 1998.
Koltun, Lilly A. City Blocks, City Spaces: Historical Photographs of Canada’s Urban Growth, c. 1850–1900. Ottawa: Public Archives of Canada, 1980. Exhibition catalogue.
———., ed. Private Realms of Light: Amateur Photography in Canada, 1839–1940. Toronto: Fitzhenry and Whiteside, 1984.
Kunard, Andrea. “Assembling Images: The Interplay of Personal Expression and Societal Expectation in the Nineteenth-Century Photographic Album.” In Raven Papers: Remembering Natalie Luckyj (1945–2002), edited by Angela Carr, 116–32. Ottawa: Penumbra Press, 2010.
———. “Canada.” In Encyclopedia of Nineteenth-Century Photography, Vol. 1, edited by John Hannavy, 261–65. New York: Routledge, 2008.
———. “Relationships of Photography and Text in the Colonization of the Canadian West: The 1858 Assiniboine and Saskatchewan Exploring Expedition.” International Journal of Canadian Studies / Revue internationale d’études canadiennes 26 (2002): 77–100.
———. “The Role of Photography Exhibitions at the National Gallery of Canada (1934–1960).” Journal of Canadian Art History / Annales d’histoire de l’art Canadien 30 (2009): 28–59.
Kunard, Andrea, and Canadian Photography Institute. Photography in Canada, 1960–2000. Ottawa: National Gallery of Canada, 2017. Exhibition catalogue.
Lamarche, Lise. “La photographie par la bande: Notes de recherche à partir des expositions collectives de photographie à Montréal (et un peu ailleurs) entre 1970 et 1980.” In Exposer l’art contemporain du Québec: Discours d’intention et d’accompagnement, edited by Francine Couture, 221–65. Montreal: Centre de diffusion 3D, 2003.
Langford, Martha. “A Short History of Photography, 1900–2000.” In The Visual Arts in Canada, edited by Anne Whitelaw, Brian Foss, and Sandra Paikowsky, 278–311. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 2010.
———. “Calm, Cool, and Collected: Canadian Multiculturalism (Domestic Globalism) through a Cold War Lens.” Visual Studies 30, no. 2 (2015): 166–81.
———. Scissors, Paper, Stone: Expressions of Memory in Contemporary Photographic Art. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2007.
———. Suspended Conversations: The Afterlife of Memory in Photographic Albums. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2001.
Langford, Martha, Karla McManus, Elizabeth Anne Cavaliere, Aurèle Parisien, Sharon Murray, and Philippe Guillaume. “Imaged Communities: Putting Canadian Photographic History in Its Place.” Journal of Canadian Studies / Revue d’études canadiennes 49, no. 2 (Spring 2015): 296–354.
Langford, Martha, Maison de la Culture Frontenac, and Cindy Bernard. On Space, Memory and Metaphor: The Landscape in Photographic Reprise. Montreal: Vox Populi, 1997.
Lavoie, Vincent. Images premières: Mutations d’une icône nationale / Primal Images: Transmutations of a National Icon. Paris: Centre culturel canadien, 2004.
Lessard, Michel. La photo s’expose! 150 ans de photographie à Québec. Quebec City: Imp. Canada, 1987.
———. The Livernois Photographers. Quebec City: Musée du Québec, 1987.
———., ed. Montréal au XXe siècle: Regards de photographes. Montreal: Éditions de l’Homme, 1995.
———., ed. Montréal, métropole du Québec: Images oubliées de la vie quotidienne, 1852–1910. Montreal: Éditions de l’Homme, 1992.
Lessard, Michel, and Francine Rémillard. Photo histoire au Québec: 150 ans de procédés photographiques monochromes. Montreal: Photo Sélection, [1987?].
Lien, Sigrid, and Hilde Wallem Nielssen. Adjusting the Lens: Indigenous Activism, Colonial Legacies, and Photographic Heritage. Vancouver: UBC Press, 2021.
Lum, Julia. “‘Familial Looking’: Chinese Canadian Vernacular Photography of the Exclusion Period (1923–1967).” Visual Studies 32, no. 2 (2017): 111–23.
Mannik, Lynda. Photography, Memory, and Refugee Identity: The Voyage of the SS Walnut, 1948. Vancouver: UBC Press, 2013.
Marcil, Madeleine. “Images de femmes: Les Québécoises photographes.” Cap-aux-Diamants, no. 21 (Spring 1990): 39–41.
Mattison, David. Eyes of a City: Early Vancouver Photographers, 1868–1900. Vancouver: Vancouver City Archives, 1986.
Maurice, Philippe. “Snippets of History: The Tintype and Prairie Canada.” Material Culture Review / Revue de la culture matérielle 41, no. 1 (Spring 1995): 39–56.
McGrath, Antonia. Newfoundland Photography, 1849–1949. St. John’s: Breakwater Books, 1980.
Modigliani, Leah. Engendering an Avant-Garde: The Unsettled Landscapes of Vancouver Photo-Conceptualism. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2018.
Monk, Lorraine, The Female Eye / Coup d’oeil féminin. Toronto: National Film Board of Canada / Clarke, Irwin, 1975.
Morgan, Norma. “Fashion-Plates: Sources for Canadian Fashion.” Journal of Canadian Art History / Annales d’histoire de l’art Canadien 5, no. 2 (1981): 106–10.
Morisset, Gérard. “Les pionniers de la photographie canadienne.” La Revue Populaire 44, no. 9 (September 1951): 14–15, 58, 60–63.
Murray, Sharon. “Frocks and Bangles: The Photographic Conversion of Two Indian Girls.” In Depicting Canada’s Children, edited by Loren Lerner, 233–57. Waterloo: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2009.
National Film Board of Canada. Contemporary Canadian Photography: From the Collection of the National Film Board / Photographic canadienne contemporaine: De la collection de l’Office national du film. Edmonton: Hurtig Publishers, 1984.
Nelles, H.V. The Art of Nation-Building: Pageant and Spectacle at Quebec’s Tercentenary. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999.
O’Brian, John. “Shaping World Culture: Postwar Postcards in British Columbia.” BC Studies, no. 131 (Autumn 2001): 93–112.
O’Brian, John, and Jeremy Borsos. Atomic Postcards: Radioactive Messages from the Cold War. Bristol: Intellect, 2011.
Opp, James. “The Colonial Legacies of the Digital Archive: The Arnold Lupson Photographic Collection.” Archivaria 65, no. 1 (2008): 3–19.
Opp, James, and John C. Walsh, eds. Placing Memory and Remembering Place in Canada. Vancouver: UBC Press, 2010.
Owens, Kathleen. Managing Photographic Records in the Government of Canada / La gestion des documents photographiques au gouvernement du Canada. Ottawa: National Archives of Canada, 1993.
Osborne, Brian S. “Constructing the State, Managing the Corporation, Transforming the Individual: Photography, Immigration, and the Canadian National Railways, 1925–30.” In Picturing Place: Photography and the Geographical Imagination, edited by Joan M. Schwartz and James R. Ryan, 162–92. London: I.B. Tauris, 2003.
Parsons, Sarah, and Jennifer Orpana, eds. Photography and Culture 10, no. 2 (2017). Special issue: “Seeing Family.”
Payne, Carol. A Canadian Document / Un document canadien. Ottawa: Canadian Museum of Contemporary Photography, 1999.
———. The Official Picture: The National Film Board of Canada’s Still Photography Division and the Image of Canada, 1941–1971. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2013.
———. “Through a Canadian Lens: Discourses of Nationalism and Aboriginal Representation in Governmental Photographs.” In Canadian Cultural Poesis: Essays on Canadian Culture, edited by Garry Sherbert, Annie Gérin, and Sheila Petty, 421–42. Waterloo: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2006.
———. “‘You Hear It in Their Voice’: Photographs and Cultural Consolidation among Inuit Youths and Elders.” In Oral History and Photography, edited by Alexander Freund and Alistair Thomson, 97–114. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.
Payne, Carol, and Andrea Kunard, eds. The Cultural Work of Photography in Canada. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2011.
Pederson, Diana, and Martha Phemister. “Women and Photography in Ontario, 1839–1929: A Case Study of the Interaction of Gender and Technology.” In Despite the Odds: Essays on Canadian Women and Science, edited by Marianne Gosztonyi Ainley, 88–111. Montreal: Véhicule Press, 1990.
Racette, Sherry Farrell. “‘Enclosing Some Snapshots’: James Patrick Brady, Photography, and Political Activism.” History of Photography 42, no. 3 (2018): 269–87.
———. “Haunted: First Nations Children in Residential School Photography.” In Depicting Canada’s Children, edited by Loren Lerner, 49–84. Waterloo: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2009.
Robertson, Peter. “Canadian Photojournalism during the First World War.” History of Photography 2, no. 1 (1978): 37–52.
———. Relentless Verity: Canadian Military Photographers since 1885. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1973.
Savard, Dan. “Changing Images: Photographic Collections of First Peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast Held in the Royal British Columbia Museum, 1860–1920.” BC Studies, no. 145 (Spring 2005): 55–96.
Schwartz, Joan M. “Beyond the Gallery and the Archives.” Acadiensis 10, no. 2 (Spring 1981): 143–52.
———. “More Than Un Beau Souvenir du Canada.” The Archivist, no. 118 (1999): 6–13.
———. “The Past in Focus: Photography and British Columbia, 1858–1914.” BC Studies, no. 52 (Winter 1981–82): 5–15.
———. “The Photographic Record of Pre-Confederation British Columbia.” Archivaria 5 (Winter 1977–78): 17–44.
Schwartz, Joan M., ed. History of Photography 20, no. 2 (Summer 1996). Special issue: “Canadian Photography.”
Schwartz, Joan M., and James Ryan, eds. Picturing Place: Photography and the Geographical Imagination. London: I.B. Tauris, 2003.
Sloan, Johanne. “Relations, 1988: Photographic, Postmodern, Feminist.” Journal of Canadian Art History / Annales d’histoire de l’art Canadien 36, no. 1 (2015): 181–201.
Silversides, Brock V. The Face Pullers: Photographing Native Canadians, 1871–1939. Saskatoon: Fifth House, 1994.
———. Shooting Cowboys: Photographing Canadian Cowboy Culture, 1875–1965. Calgary: Fifth House, 1997.
———. Looking West: Photographing the Canadian Prairies, 1858–1957. Calgary: Fifth House, 1999.
Skidmore, Colleen. “Photography in the Convent: Grey Nuns, Québec, 1861.” Histoire Sociale / Social History 35, no. 70 (2002): 279–310.
———. Rare Merit: Women in Photography in Canada, 1840–1940. Vancouver: UBC Press, 2022.
Stanworth, Karen. Visibly Canadian: Imaging Collective Identities in the Canadas, 1820–1910. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2014.
Strathman, Nicole Dawn. Through a Native Lens: American Indian Photography. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2020.
Sutnik, Maia-Mari. Responding to Photography: Selected Works from Private Toronto Collections. Toronto: Art Gallery of Ontario, 1984.
Sy, Waaseyaa’sin Christine. “On Being with (a Photograph of) Sugar Bush Womxn: Towards Anishinaabe Feminist Archival Research Methods.” In Adjusting the Lens: Indigenous Activism, Colonial Legacies, and Photographic Heritage, edited by Sigrid Lien and Hilde Wallem Nielssen, 186–204. Vancouver: UBC Press, 2021.
Tagg, John. The Burden of Representation: Essays on Photographies and Histories. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1993.
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ii. Canadian photo magazines
BlackFlash (Saskatoon, 1983–)
The Body Politic (Toronto, 1971–87)
Canadian Art (Toronto, 1943–2021)
Ciel variable (Montreal, 1986–)
Exchange: The Photographers Almanac (Saskatoon, 1975–76)
Image Nation (Toronto, 1970–82)
Impressions (Toronto, 1970–83)
OVO (Montreal, 1970–87)
Parachute (Montreal, 1974–2009)
Photo Communiqué (Toronto, 1979–88)
The Photographer’s Gallery (Saskatoon, 1983)
La Revue Populaire (Quebec, 1907–63)
Le Samedi (Quebec, 1888–1963)
Vanguard (Vancouver, 1972–89)
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